Resilient engagement device



June 4, 1953 c. B. KRl-:KELER 3,092,374

REsILIENT ENGAGEMENT DEVICE Filed Feb. e. 1958 -f ||||||||lr 45 f fz 4 Iflf' ATTORNEYS.

United States Patent O 3,092,374 RESILIENT ENGAGEMENT DEVICE Claude B. Krekeler, Cincinnati, Ohio, assigner to The Cincinnati Mine Machinery Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, a

corporation of Ohio Filed Feb. 6, 1958, Ser. No. 713,580 14 Claims. (Cl. 262F33) This invention relates to cutting devices in which cutter bitsl or cutter bit holders are engaged in socket members which are located either on driven heads or on driven chains as in mining machinery. In a copending application entitled Cutter Bit and Socket Structures, Serial No. 659,562, filed May 16, 1957, noW Patent No. 2,996,291, the present inventor has shown various types of structure in which the shank of a cutter bit or of a cutter bit holder is engaged in a socket member and is retained therein and sometimes otherwise controlled as to position by resilient engaging means. In another copending application entitled Cutter Bit and Socket Construction, Serial No. 690,112, tiled October 14, 1957, the present inventor has shown ways in which a specialized double ended cutter bit may be mounted directly in a socket member by means which may also include a resilient engaging device, and in yet another case entitled Cutting Bit Holders, Serial No. 695,771, filed November l2, 1957, the present inventor has shown a described means for engaging double ended cutting bits of conventional trapezoidal or rhomboidal forms in bit holders or directly in socket members by means which also employ a resilient engagement device'. v

In general, such resilient engagement devices comprise a head member having a nose of suitable configuration. The head member operates in a bore in some element such as a socket member or a bit holder. Resilient means is provided behind the head member to urge it outwardly through one end vof the bore; and an abutment means is positioned at the other end of the bore against which the resilient means acts. In a number of instances, the head members is provided with a control shaft extending oppositely to the nose. v

As is well known, mining machinery is subjected not only to excessive Vibration but also to infiltration by the tine dust of the material being cut (such as coal), as well as to the corrosive action of acid mine waters. As a consequence the use of `spring or other mechanical elements as the resilient means is not desirable. It is taught in the above entitled `applications that a preferred resilient means is a mass of rubbery substance lying behind the head in the bore. Rubbery substances like natural vulcanized rubber, any of the butadiene polymers or chloroprene (Neoprene) are resilient and deformable, and can be compressed in one direction if they are free to expand in another direction. But if such masses of rubbery substance are confined tightly as in a bore between a head and an abutment they may not exhibit suliicient compressibility. Thus in past structurels, it has been neces- Y sary either to use an undersized rubbery body in the bore or to provide anannular recess `about the body in order to achieve compressibility. f'In the use of either of these expedients, there is a possibility that cutting iines may enter the bore and interfere with the desired resilient action.

-It will be understood further that various metallic porice tions of the resilient means heretofore employed, and particularly the nose portions thereof, are subject to wear and require renewal from time to time. In the past such renewal has involved a tedious disassembly and reassembly of parts.

A primary object of this invention lies in the provision of a resilient engagement means which does not have any of the .above noted disadvantages.

A specific object of the invention is the provision of a resilient engagement means which can easily and cheaply be produced as a cartridge-like structure in which the parts are in permanent assembly. Thus the structure is easily installed and as easily removed.

lIt is a specilic object of the invention to provide in a structure of the class referred to a means whereby compressibility of the rubbery substance may be achieved Without a. breathing eiect which would enhance the infiltration of fines into the structure. Thus it is an object to produce a structure which is, in effect, a sealed structure.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a structure in which compressibility is achieved by means other than external grooves or other external configurations, so that the body of rubbery substance can be fitted quite snugly into the bore which is to receive it, thus minimizing not only the infiltration of lines but also the ingress of corrosive mine waters.

It is `also an object of the invention to provide structures wherein wear and abrasion on the resilient means is minimized.

These and other objects of the invention which are set forth hereinafter or will be apparent to one skilled in the art upon reading these specifications, are accomplished by that construction and arrangement of parts of which an exemplary embodiment will next be described. Reference is made -to the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a sectional view of a socket member with a cutter bit engaged therein and held by means of an exemplary resilient assembly of this invention.

FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of the said resilient assembly.

FIGURE 3 is an exploded sectional view showing a portion of a socket member, a resilient assembly and a fastening means.

FIGURE 4 is an exploded View of the parts of the resilient assembly.

FIGURE 5 is a side elevation of a modified form of resilient assembly.

FIGURE 6 is an exploded View ofthe parts of the structure of FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 7V is an elevational view with a part in section of yet another from of resilient assembly.

FIGURE 8 is a plan View of one of the metal elements thereof.

FIGURE 9 is a partial elevational View of a socket member showing a means for retaining the resilient assembly.

FIGURE l0 is a sectional view taken along the section line 10--10 of FIGURE 9.

'FIGURE 11 is a side elevation of a retaining member.

FIGURE 12 is a partial sectional view of a socket member showing another means for retaining the resilient assembly of FIGURE 3.

The device of this invention is capable of use wherever a resiliently acting retainer or control device is needed; and in particular is capable of use in the structures of any of the applications for Letters Patent hereinabove recited, to which reference is m-ade for disclosures of fields of utility. In the light of the teachings of this application, it will be readily apparent to the skilled worker in the art how the resilient assembly of this invention can be used in place of the resiliently actuated parts shown therein. By way of a single exemplary disclosure of a field of use, reference is made to FIGURE l hereof wherein a portion of a cutter chain is illustrated. This portion is characterized by a block or socket member i to which are afttached conventional link cheeks one of which is partially indicated at 2. The socket member has a perforation 3 to receive the shank 4 of one form of cutter bit which may be used. This cutter bit has an integral head 5 with a cutting point faced as at 6 with a hard alloy cutting member of Carboloy or tungsten carbide. The cutter bit head is shaped to provide an abutment 7 which, lying against an upper surface of the socket member 1 will determine gauge. The shank of the cutter bit is retained in the socket opening 3 by resilient means comprising a fhead 8 having a nose 9 and a rearwardly extending control shaft 11. The head operates in a bore 12 in the socket member 1, intersecting the socket opening 3. Within the bore and behind the head 8 there is a mass of rubbery material 13. The control shaft 11 passes through a washer-like element 14 which may be held in the bore by suitable means hereinafter described.

The shank 4 of the cutter bit is notched as at 15 to provide a slanting surface for coaction with the nose 9, the coniguration of the parts being such that the resilient actuation of the nose 9 (which in this instance is conical) tends to urge the shan-k 4 downwardly in the socket opening 3 until further movement is resisted by the shoulder 7. The bit may be installed in the socket element by driving its shank downwardly -therein as by a blow on the head of the bit, the resilient means being displaceable to permit passage of the shank. The bit may be removed from the socket member by a prying .tool engaged beneath a lifting should 16 formed on the bit head.

in the practice of this invention the resilient means may be made in any size or configuration desired. Normally the head 8 will be of a shape to slide within a bore in a socket member, bit holder, latching means or other structure. The nose 9 may have any shape and size appropriate to a particular usage, and while the nose has been shown as conical in the drawings hereof, the shape and size of the nose is not regar-ded as a limitation on the invention.

The resilient body 13,'which is made of natural or artificial rubbery substances as set forth above will be perforated longitudinally to accept the control shaft 11. About this central perforation there are provided a number of other longitudinal holes 17 confined to the body of the resilient susbtance. The purpose of the holes 1-7 is to provide for longitudinal compressibility of the part 12 without necessary transverse expansion. Consequently, the body 12 may be made to fit the bore 12 tightly enough to accomplish the purposes set forth above.

lIn the assembled structure an end portion of the control shaft 11 extends through a central perforation in the Iwasher-like element 14; and to hold the parts in assembly the end of the shaft 11 is conveniently headed as at '1-8 on the outer side of the washer, so that it cannot be withdrawn therethrough. The skilled Worker in the art will understand that other types of fastening means may be employed including nuts, cot-ter pins or the like; but a simple headed construction is preferred for its simplicity and cheapness. The parts are assembled in such a Way that in the structures as illustrated in FIGURES 2 and 3 the resilient body 13 is under endvuise compression. Thus the ends of the pasageways or bores 17 are sealed olf respectively against the inner side of the head 8 at one end and the Washer 14 at the other. Fines are prevented from entering these passageways, and there is no substantial breathing action because the air in these passageways can compress, permitting lateral expansion of the rubbery mass when it is further compressed longitudinally.

Aside from being adapted to be manufactured in various sizes for different purposes, the device may be made to have different degrees of resilient resistance to displacement of its parts in use. The resilient characteristics of the rubbery body can be varied in several ways as by selection of the material from which it is made and by selecting the degree of cure or extent of vulcanization of the rubbery material. A longer rubbery body will permit a greater longitudinal movement of the head 8 with respect to the washer 1'4 and vice versa.

In the use of the device, a stepped bore is provided in the member which is to receive i-t. A stepped bore is of advantage since it permits a close conformation of the main part of the bore to the main body of the resilient device, While providing a shoulder against which the Washer y14 can rest. This fixes the normal position of the head and nose 8, 9 with respect to the end of the bore, and also provides for the rm engagement of a fastening means against a stationary part of the resilient device, namely the washer 14.

As illustrated in 4FIGURE 3, the bore 12 in the member which is 'to receive the resilient device may be stepped as at 19 to form a seat for the edge of the washer member. The device can be fastened in place in various ways as for example by a set screw 21a threaded into the larger portion of the bore, there being a recess 2lb in the inner central portion of the set screw to permit the control shaft 11 to move outwardly with respect to the Washer 14 when the resilient device is compressed (see FIGURE l2). Again, an annular groove 20 may be provided in the enlarged portion of the bore and a spring ring 2,1Y may be engaged therein, as most clearly shown in FIGURE l.

The resilient assembly thus far described is completely operative and satisfies the objects of the invention. It is substantially impervious to the effects ofV tine cuttings and acidic mine waters; and it has the advantage of being easily renewed. If it is used under circumstances in which the assembly will be compressed a great number of times within a relatively short interval, i-t has been found that a type of Wear occurs particularly at the forward end of the resilient body 1'3. This is because there is some tendency for the forward end of the body to expand outwardly; and the movement of the head member 8 in the bore 12 exerts a working action on the resilient substance which may tend to soften or depolymerize it.

These effects may be overcome by the adoption of the structure illustrated in FIGURES 5 and 61. Here the resilient body 13, having the longitudinal perforations `17 as before, is provided with conical ends 22 and Z3. The head 8 is provided with a conical recess 2-4 to receive one of the these ends. The tail washer is thickened as at 25 and is also provided with a conical recess 26 to receive the other end of the resilient body 13. The tail washer may be a flange-like extension 27.

The parts are assembled `as before and the end of the shaft 11 peened over beneath the tail washer 25 so as to maintain the parts under initial slight compression. The engagement of the conical ends of the resilient body 13 in the conical recesses of the head and tail members minimizes lateral expansion of the resilient body when vfthe assembly is further compressed. A still better eiect is obtained when the end portions of the resilient body are cemented against the metal of Ithe head and tail members. This may be accomplished by the application of any of the readily available cementng compositions, commercially used for adhering rubbery substances to metal. These compositions usually comprise a rubbery material and a resin in a volatile vehicle. The application of cement is diagrammatically illustrated in `FIG- URE 6 by the showing of a brush 28. The resilient body may, with advantage, be cemented to the metal parts of any of the structures illustrated herein.

Still another modification is illustrated in FIGURES 7 and 8. Here the resilient body is divided into a plurality of washer-shaped elements 29, 30, 31 yand 32 which are preferably unperforated excepting for the passage of the head shaft 33. Located between the resilient elements 29 to 32 there are metal washers 34, 35 and 36. These washers, as shown in FIGURE 8, have a central perforation 37 and a series of outlying perforations 318i. Ihe first of the resilient Washers 29 lies against the head 39, and the last of the resilient washers lies against the tail washer 40. The parts are assembled as hereinabove described and held under compression by peening the end of the shaft 33 as -at 41. When further compressive stresses are applied to the assembly, the resilient Washers 29 to 32 are capable of contracting lengthwise of the assembly because portions of them can expand into the holes 38 in the metallic washers. The head member may be provided with recesses 42 and the Itail washer with recesses 43 for a similar purpose. The structure of FIG- URE 7 is particularly free of the wearing phenomenon described above. For a given length it has greater resistance to compression than do the structures of FIG- URES 2 to 6.

FIGURES 9 to l1 illustrate yet another mode of fastening the resilient assembly. Here a plate 43 has been fastened to the outer side of the block 1. This plate, which may be held in place by any suitable means, is provided with a central perforation 44 of a size to permit the resilient assembly to be inserted in the bore 12. The resilient assembly illustrated is that of FIGURES 5 and 6 and it will be noted that the flange 27 on the tail piece lies in an annular recess which is part of the bore 12. The underside of the plate 43 is slotted as at 46 to provide for the insertion of a fastening means having a head 47 and spaced tines 48 and 49. These tines engage the tail piece of the resilient assembly on either side of the peened end 50 of the head shaft. It will be evident from FIG- URES 9 and l0 how the resilient assembly is locked in the bore of the socket member. In order to prevent accidental dislodgment of the fastening means, the tines may be bent as illustrated at 51 in FIGURE -11 so that the fastening means will have a resilient engagement in the slot 46.

The metallic elements of the structure may be made of any suitable metal. Normally they are made of steel, although the steel parts may be thinly coated with copper to minimize corrosion.

Modifications may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit of it. The invention having been described in au exemplary embodiment, what is claimed 'as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

l. In a structure of the class described, a member adapted to be provided with a resilient engagement element, and a self-contained, pre-assembled resilient engagement structure comprising a head portion with a rearwardly extending control shaft of smaller cross sectional dimension and a washer element perforated to receive slidably the `end of said control shaft, there being between the said head and the said -Washer at least one body of resilient substance through which said control shaft passes, said body having a cylindrical outer surface, means on the end of said control shaf-t to prevent its withdrawal through the perforation of said washer, the said resilient engagement device being located within a bore formed in the said member in which said body of resilient substance fits tightly enough to minimize entrance of fines and liquid within said bore, at least one of the aforementioned elements having a recess into which a portion of said body of resilient substance may move under pressure and means for holding the said resilient engagement device within said bore comprising means "2. 'Ihe structure 4 -washer is of greater cross sectional dimension than sald engageable with said member yand bearing upon said -washen claimed in daimA 1 'wherein the said head and said body of resilient substance, and wherein said bore is stepped to provide a seat for said washer.`

3. The structure claimed ini claim 2 wherein a spring ring is employed to hold said washer in position, said spring ring having engagement in a groove in said bore.

4. 'Ihe structure claimed in claim 2 wherein the assembly of parts in said resilient engagement means' is such as to maintain said body of resilient substance under endwise compression at all times.

5. 'Ihe structure claimed in claim 2 wherein said member is provided with a plate having a perforation for the passage of said resilient engagement structure and a slot providing a passageway between said member and said plate, said slot intersecting said perforation, and a tined fastening member extending through said slot and bearing -on sa-id washer element.

6. A resiliently acting, renewable, cartridge-type device for retaining the shank of a tool in a perforation in a socket member, the said device being adapted for insertion in a hole in the socket member intersecting the perforation therein, the said device comprising a head, an engagement nose on one side of the head adapted to coact 'with a slantwise surface formed on the shank of the tool, a control shaft of lesser diameter than the head extending rearwardly from the opposite side of the head, a Washer-shaped element perforated to receive the outer end of said control shaft, at least one body of resilient material perforated to receive said control shaft and located between said head and said washer-shaped element, means on the outer end of said control shaft beyond said washer-shaped element to prevent withdrawal of said shaft therethrough, said body of resilient material being of at least the same external dimensions as said head throughout its length so that Iwhen said device is inserted in the socket member hole, in which said head is slidable, said body of resilient material throughout its length will ll the hole behind said head to minimize the entrance of fines and liquid, one `at least of the recited elements of said device having at least one recess into rwhich said resilient material can be caused to move under pressure so that said resilient material can effectively contract in a direction longitudinal of said device despite the confining of said body of resilient material within the socket member hole.

7. The structure claimed in claim 6 wherein the engagement of the parts is such as to maintain said body of resilient material under endwise compression.

8. The structure claimed in claim 7 wherein said body of resilient material contacts said head and said washer and has a substantially smooth outer surface, there being a plurality of longitudinal perforations lying between the said outer surface 'and the said shaft receiving perforation.

9. The structure claimed in claim 8 wherein said head and said body of resilient material have cross sectional shapes which are circular and of substantially the same diameter.

i10. The structure claimed in claim 8 wherein said head and said body of resilient material have cross sectional shapes which are circular and of substantially the same diameter, and said washer has a circular cross sectional shape of larger diameter.

1l. The structure claimed in claim 8 wherein Said body of resilient material has conical ends, and said head and said washer have conical recesses to receive said ends.

l2. The structure claimed in claim 1'1 wherein the ends of said body of resilient material are cemented against said conical recesses.

13. The structure claimed in claim 6 wherein a plurality of bodies of resilient material are located on said control shaft, and including a Washer located on said control shaft between adjacent ones of said bodies, said Washer havingvrecesses into whichiportirons of said resilient bodies may expand.

14. The structure claimed in vclaim 13 wherein said head and tail part havev recesses into which portions of said resilient bodies may expand.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Beecher Apr. 20, 1886 i0 Gallagher Sept. 7, 1943 Nelson Dec. =13, 1949 Alviset May 2, 1950 Villar Sept. 2, 1958 Brown et a1. Oct. 6, 1959 'FOREIGN PATENTS France T July 22, 1929 Great Britain .Ian. 11, 1956 

1. IN A STRUCTURE OF THE CLASS DESCRIBED, A MEMBER ADAPTED TO BE PROVIDED WITH A RESILIENT ENGAGEMENT ELEMENT, AND A SELF-CONTAINED, PRE-ASSEMBLED RESILIENT ENGAGEMENT STRUCTURE COMPRISING A HEAD PORTION WITH A REARWARDLY EXTENDING CONTROL SHAFT OF SMALLER CROSS SECTIONAL DIMENSION AND A WASHER ELEMENT PERFORATED TO RECEIVE SLIDABLY THE END OF SAID CONTROL SHAFT, THERE BEING BETWEEN THE SAID HEAD AND THE SAID WASHER AT LEAST ONE BODY OF RESILIENT SUBSTANCE THROUGH WHICH SAID CONTROL SHAFT PASSES, SAID BODY HAVING CYLINDRICAL OUTER SURFACE, MEANS ON THE END OF SAID CONTROL SHAFT TO PREVENT ITS WITHDRAWAL THROUGH THE PERFORATION OF SAID WASHER, THE SAID RESILIENT ENGAGEMENT DEVICE BEING LOCATED WITHIN A BORE FORMED IN THE SAID MEMBER IN WHICH SAID BODY OF RESLIENT SUBSTANCE FITS TIGHTLY ENOUGH TO MINIMIZE ENTRANCE OF FINES AND LIQUID WITHIN SAID BORE, AT LEAST ONE OF THE AFOREMENTIONED ELEMENTS HAVING A RECESS INTO WHICH A PORTION OF SAID BODY OF RESILIENT SUBSTANCE MAY MOVE UNDER PRESSURE AND MEANS FOR HOLDING THE SAID RESILIENT ENGAGEMENT DEVICE WITHIN SAID BORE COMPRISING MEANS ENGAGEABLE WITH SAID MEMBER AND BEARING UPON SAID WASHER. 